Modelling lowsalinity water flooding as a tertiary oil. Evaluation of a low salinity water flooding with polymer gel. Mechanistic modeling, design, and optimization of low salinity. He authored a seminal book on reservoir engineering and over 200 papers in academic journals and spe. Low salinity may also be called as smart water, engineered water and desig ned water flooding. Novel insights into porescale dynamics of wettability alteration. Sohrabi m, mahzari p, farzaneh sa, mills jr, tsolis p, et al. Hybridization of low salinity water assisted foam flooding in. Experimental investigation of the performance of low salinity.
Many possible mechanisms concerning low salinity waterflood have been proposed in the literature. There is a need in the industry to accurately model low salinity waterflooding in a reservoir simulator in order to quantify the impact, optimise the production scheme and make investment decisions. Low salinity water flooding changes the ion composition or brine salinity for improving oil recovery. In this study, we simulate low salinity water flooding under geomechnical effects. All the polymer floods were conducted in the tertiary mode. This paper describes an experimental investigation. Low salinity water synergies with other eor methods including gas injection, carbonated water flooding and nano technology. Low salinity water flooding smart water for enhanced oil recovery low salinity water flooding an environmentally friendly eor method it opens the route for alkaline flooding and alkalinesurfactant flooding as it impose wettability alteration low salinity fluid salinity. Low salinity waterflooding has proven to accelerate oil production at core and field scales. The facility will have a low salinity waterflood injection capacity of more than 250,000 barrels of water each day. Enhanced oil recovery efficiency of lowsalinity water. Low salinity increases polymer solution viscosity that can improve sweep efficiency of polymer flooding natthaporn, 2012. A detailed characterization of rock and fluid properties using appropriate methods is being presented for lswf in a low permeability deep carbonate reservoir together with a.
Low salinity, water flooding, core flood, oil recovery, secondary recovery. Even though it may be a promising method, like water flood, it is still affected by viscous fingering tang and morrow 1999. All the core samples were aged with a crude oil at 90oc for 3060 days before the tests. Combined low salinity brine injection and surfactant flooding. Synthetic cbm water of 1,316 ppm was then injected. Oct 22, 2020 clay minerals are regarded as an important factor affecting the results of low salinity water lsw flooding. Pdf heterogeneity effects on low salinity water flooding.
Tertiary recovery by injection of cbm water ranged from 3 to 9. Nov 10, 2016 low salinity water flooding smart water for enhanced oil recovery low salinity water flooding an environmentally friendly eor method it opens the route for alkaline flooding and alkalinesurfactant flooding as it impose wettability alteration low salinity fluid salinity. Their coreflooding tests showed incremental oil recovery up to 18% with stepwise dilution of the sea water in the tertiary water injection mode. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced. Comprehensive investigation of lowsalinity waterflooding in. There was more areal bypassing in the case of low salinity flooding. Efficiency of low salinity polymer flooding in sandstone cores. Summary the mechanisms of low salinity water flooding lswf, as a cost effective and environmentallyfriendly technique for improved oil. In this project, low salinity water flooding has been modeled on eclipse black oil simulator in three cases for a total field production life of twentyfive years.
Numerical simulation of low salinity water flooding. Mar 06, 20 recently, low salinity brine injection has been given a great interest as a technique for enhanced oil recovery eor by waterflooding. In lsf, the reservoir is flooded by water, which has a controlled composition of ions and normally it has lower salinity ionic strength compared to the initial formation water. Varying experimental results have been reported in the literature, from many promising results to limited or no effects of low salinity. This paper presents a new hybrid eor process where the effect of low. Recently it was shown that simply injecting sufficiently low salinity water improves oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery efficiency of lowsalinity water flooding in oil. In the first case, low salinity water flooding starts fifteen years after secondary water flooding.
Mar 15, 2019 at low water wet conditions, a substantail increase in oil recovery of 75% by low salinity water flooding can be obtained in the laboratory if the core preparation is optimized. Impact of salinity and connate water on low salinity water. In recent years, core displacement experiments performed on clastic rock samples using low salinity brine as injection fluid have proven to give a moderate increase in crude oil recovery. When ferrous ion is present in the formation water, that is, acidic water, the injection of low salinity water generally with neutral ph can yield precipitation or dissolution of feminerals by ph mixing effect. Novel insights into low salinity water flooding enhanced oil. The mad dog phase 2 project in the gulf of mexico is the second offshore project that plans to include a low salinity water flooding to support increased oil recovery from the field. Potential of lowsalinity waterflooding technology to improve oil. Recently, the application of nanoparticles with low salinity water flooding has shown remarkable results in enhanced oil recovery eor.
Characterization of the rock and fluids is an essential step in screening a reservoir for low salinity water flooding lswf. Bernards work in 1967 served as the impetus behind lswf core flooding experiments and perhaps low saline solution flooding in other water. Although the mechanism for the effect of law salinity water flooding is benign different from each other the main concept is to improved oil recovery. Accordingly, initial and final wettabilitys are key indices which have been evaluated. There have been many hypotheses in literature on the actual mechanism that take place during low salinity water flooding lsw. Thereafter, the injected fluid is switched to low salinity water by diluting the formation water with distilled water until the salinity is in the range of to 2000 ppm. Spe 1410 application of coalbed methane water to oil. A sandstone core and free clay sand core were prepared in chromatography columns and were water flooded sequentially with high low salinity water at the reservoir temperature of 90c. First, brine with a high salinity hs of 100 000 mgl was injected to simulate formation water. Pdf mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in. Cation exchange is an important parameter for low salinity effects.
The work is a trial to analyze the results of several core flood experiments from the literature in order to have guidelines to improve oil recovery in. The concept of surfactant flooding has long been recognized as a promising supplement to water based enhanced oil recovery methods. Previous studies showed that the presence of clay was needed for response to low salinity flooding. Performance of nps during alternating injection with low salinity water and surfactant is highlighted. Synergistic interaction of nanoparticles with low salinity water and. Oil recovery by low salinity water flooding lswf from carbonate reservoirs has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to its costeffectiveness and. Low salinity water flooding proof of field pressure. This can indeed give better cost savings when opting for polymer injection, where a lower concentration or amount of polymer is needed with the use of low salinity water. A mechanistic investigation of low salinity water flooding coupled. Lastly, a hybrid of low salinity waterflood and foam flood in carbonate reservoir was numerically simulated. The low salinity waterflooding is an attractive ecofriendly producing method, recently, for carbonate reservoirs. Low salinity waterflooding lsw is an emerging attractive enhanced oil recovery eor method.
Insights into the fractional flow of low salinity water. A detailed characterization of rock and fluid properties using appropriate methods is being presented for lswf in a low permeability deep carbonate reservoir together with a critical analysis of findings. However, many new developments have shown that reducing the salinity of the injected water increases the oil recovery. Low salinity water injection has been utilized as a promising method for oil recovery in recent years. However, this effect has not been thoroughly investigated for carbonates. When performing a secondary low salinity flood, the core is restored after the formation waterflood, and a new flood is performed with the low saline water. A porescale investigation of low salinity water flooding in porous. Low salinity water injection for eor spe nigeria annual. Furthermore, there is direct evidence that wettability altered to more water wet during low salinity water flooding 9, 10. Numerical study of low salinity water flooding in naturally.
Water flooding water drivepattern injection low salinity waterflood bp smart waterflood armaco ion management waterflood exxon low tension low salinity waterflood the u. Background injection of low salinity water into oil filled cores has been reported by a number of researchers and has been found to increase oil recovery. In addition, several miceller and surfactant flooding field trials have concluded that low salinity flooding solutions and low divalent ion concentrations can augment oil production bp, 1979. Evidence, mechanisms and improved understanding of. Low salinity flooding yielded higher oil recovery at breakthrough than the high salinity case. It has been observed that by replacing the formation water high salinity with the controlled. Low salinity injection at the reservoir scale is of our interest. Several coreflood experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of low salinity water flooding and low salinity polymer flooding in mixedwet berea sandstone cores.
That ls water requires decreasing only the active divalent cations such as ca. Investigation of clay type on low salinity water flooding. Wei x, jiang w, zhang y, wang z, li x and wu f 2020 investigation of clay type on low salinity water flooding using a glass micromodel. Polymer flooding is applied to reservoirs as a tertiary method when water flooding has reached its recovery efficiency limit green and wilhite, 1998. Experimental investigation on the role of clays in low. They concluded that connate water saturation, clay particles, and exposure of cores to crude. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n. The primary mechanism of oil recovery by low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs was proposed by tang and morrow. Three minnelusa formation fields in the basin were identified as candidates for.
Low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs mdpi. Submitted to the office of graduate and professional studies of. The simulation based on finite element technique, hybrid approach of permeability tensor and discrete fracture. The application of low salinity water in combination with other established eor processes e. It has been observed that by replacing the formation water high salinity with the controlled composition salinity low salinity, oil production may increase in some. Performance of lowsalinity water flooding for enhanced oil. Modelling lowsalinity water flooding as a tertiary oil recovery. In this project, low salinity water flooding has been modeled on eclipse black oil simulator in three cases for a. Polymer injection with low salinity water gave 4% increment in recovery compared to injecting with higher salinity water for the same concentration of polymer. Numerous fields in the powder river basin of wyoming have been waterflooded using low salinity water about ppm obtained from the madison limestone or fox hills sandstone. Low salinity as new technique of enhanced oil recovery. A new simulation model for low salinity water flooding has been developed using representative parameters based on current published literature.
The potential of lowsalinity ls water injection as an oil recovery technique has been the source of much recent. Pdf dynamics of oil detachment in low salinity flooding. It was difficult to pack the 2d cells uniformly which affected the water floods. In summary, the papers in this special issue will be divided into several relevant subthemes on advanced water flooding processes such as micro and. Economic analysis of low salinity polymer flooding potential. However, most researchers put great attention on their microscopic properties, only few of them investigated the influence of clay minerals by the sand pack flooding experiments. Low salinity waterflooding, fractional flow, chemical flooding and salinity dispersion.
The idea of injecting low salinity water into a petroleum reservoir is not novel and was often used in the 70s prior to the injection of surfactant. It is believed that enhanced oil recovery in low salinity water flooding is related to wettability change. Then, ls water of 1 000 mgl was then injected at different. Spe 165339 mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in carbonate reservoirs emad w. Characterization of rock and fluid properties for low. Jan 10, 2019 low salinity water injection has been utilized as a promising method for oil recovery in recent years. Hasan an, flori re, brady pv, aljaberi s 2018 oil recovery analyses and formation water investigations for high salinity low salinity water flooding. The feasibility of low salinity water injection smart waterflood on carbonate rocks to improve oil recovery by using different dilutions of sea water was investigated by yousef et al. One of the methods is referred to as low salinity water flooding lsf. Experimental study of low salinity water flooding and fracturing effects in low permeability carbonate reservoir benny arianto jiarahap this thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in petroleum engineering under the supervision of professor abdulrazag y. Spe 152997 investigating lowsalinity waterflooding. Nanofluids and low salinity water lsw flooding are two novel techniques for enhanced oil recovery. The proposed study of combined low salinity foam injection using dlvotheory i. Low salinity waterflooding lsw has been confirmed as.
A study of low salinity water flooding in 1d and 2d. In this paper, flood tests under high and low water salinities were simulated in eclipse 100 simulator. Experimental investigation of the performance of low. Dominating mechanism during enhanced oil recovery in the. Wettability and low salinity water flooding 5th delft summer school pavel bedrikovetsky is professor of petroleum engineering at the university of adelaide. Hybridization of low salinity water assisted foam flooding. Enhanced oil recovery eor by combined low salinity water. Performance of lowsalinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery of low salinity water flooding in sandstone. His research covers low salinity waterflood, formation damage and eor. Hasan an, brady pv, flori re, heidari p 2018 novel insights into low salinity water flooding enhanced oil recovery in sandstone. Numerous core flooding experiments have shown that low salinity water flooding lswf could improve oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs.
Laboratory investigation of the low salinity water flooding. Novel insights into low salinity water flooding enhanced. Experimental study of low salinity water flooding and. Spe 152997 investigating lowsalinity waterflooding recovery. Pdf low salinity water flooding and combination of low salinity.
The effect of low salinity and smart water techniques in sandstone rocks has been investigated during the last two decades. This paper quantifies the effects of clay minerals on lsw flooding with artificial sand pack samples. Cost of rediducing water sali ilinity may be a show stopper recent research has made a combined low salinity and surfactantpolymer flooding a way of boosting oil recovery and improve the economy of this eor process source. The main motivation for field application of low salinity waterflooding is the. The low salinity water flood lswf method is regarded as an emerging enhanced oil recovery eor technique and hinges on the observation that an increase in oil recovery occurs with a decrease in salinity.
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